올림포스 영어독해기본1 10강 변형

Many developmental theorists and researchers, including those studying human as well as nonhuman primate subjects, have recognized the role ____ fear can play in a primate’s social development.

When an infant is frightened it always seeks out its mother for protection and safety, and all exploratory and play activity stops until the infant has been sufficiently comforted and ____ by its attachment object.

Thus, frequently frightened infants will very likely have less time to explore and fewer ____ to play than will infants who are not.

Such voluntary ____ may serve to slow down the social development of shy or anxious infants if these tendencies are maintained throughout their childhood years.

Many developmental theorists and researchers, including those studying human as well as nonhuman primate subjects, have ____ the role that fear can play in a primate’s social development.

When an infant is frightened it always seeks out its mother for protection and safety, and all exploratory and play activity ____ until the infant has been sufficiently comforted and reassured by its attachment object.

Thus, frequently frightened infants ____ very likely have less time to explore and fewer opportunities to play than will infants who are not.

Such voluntary restraints may serve to slow down the social development of shy or anxious infants if these tendencies are maintained throughout ____ childhood years.

Our complex brains might have evolved to establish strong social bonds, but ____ what should be part of that social group appears to be rather flexible.

For instance, some people treat their pets as if they are members of their ____ and believe they can relate to the pets’ needs, desires, fears and dreams.

Others see animals as distinct from humans and wouldn’t think of talking to one as if it was ____ friend.

Many people keep the ashes of a deceased loved one nearby, believing those ____ continue to serve as some link to their existence.

Even if inanimate objects don’t have a distinct personality, many of us still attribute certain human characteristics to ____ objects or beings, such as pets, dolls or even cars and memorabilia.

Our complex brains might have evolved to establish strong social bonds, but defining what should be part of ____ social group appears to be rather flexible.

For instance, some people treat their pets as if they are members of their family, and believe they can relate to the pets’ needs, desires, fears ____ dreams.

Others see animals as distinct from ____ and wouldn’t think of talking to one as if it was a friend.

Many people keep the ashes of a deceased loved one nearby, believing those ashes continue to ____ as some link to their existence.

Even if inanimate objects don’t have ____ distinct personality, many of us still attribute certain human characteristics to non-human objects or beings, such as pets, dolls or even cars and memorabilia.

Although the wish to be alone is often strong, its ____ varies from person to person.

An equally impelling impulse, though, is to seek the company of others and to spend extended periods of time sharing ____

In these periods we exchange information and feelings in both conversational and non-verbal forms (facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, touching, and so ____

We need other people to provide us with love, support, approval, bodily contact, reassurance, physical help and a myriad of ____ practical, physical and emotional needs.

In a very basic sense we need others to confirm that we are there, that we exist and that ____ have an identity that is unique and separate from anyone else.

Thus, we generally cannot exist for too ____ without seeking companionship.

Although the wish to be alone is often ____ its intensity varies from person to person.

An equally impelling impulse, though, is to seek the ____ of others and to spend extended periods of time sharing activities.

In these periods we exchange information and feelings in both ____ and non-verbal forms (facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, touching, and so on).

We need other ____ to provide us with love, support, approval, bodily contact, reassurance, physical help and a myriad of other practical, physical and emotional needs.

In a very basic sense we need others to confirm that we are there, that we exist and that we have an identity that is unique and separate from ____ else.

Thus, we generally cannot exist for ____ long without seeking companionship.

At one end of the spectrum of transformations was the forest gardening as practiced by the peoples of New Guinea and Amazonia ____ mimicked natural growth and left minimal traces on the land.

At the other end was ____ cultivating only one species of plant or raising only one species of animal.

____ beginnings of monoculture can be seen in the wheat fields of the Middle East, the rice paddies of China, and the herds of sheep and goats on the Eurasian steppe.

Biologically ____ these species suddenly became very successful, measured by their rates of survival and reproduction.

So ____ other, unwanted species. Crops that ripened or were stored after harvesting attracted rats, mice, sparrows, and roaches.

Water pools ____ habitats for mosquitoes. Garbage and human or animal waste attracted flies.

Thanks to humans, weeds and pests ____ also biological winners.