올림포스 영어독해기본(1) 9강 변형

If you were a high performer ____ your work before becoming a manager, you may find the journey into management particularly difficult.

Because of their previous success, stars are understandably reluctant to give up the attitudes and practices they think produced their success thus far, ____ they’re unwilling to change themselves.

____ don’t know how to develop or coach people because they never needed much coaching themselves, or so they believe.

They don’t know how to deal with people who lack their motivation. Because they’ve never failed, they’ve had little practice reflecting on and learning ____ experience.

No wonder many former stars turn ____ mediocre/average bosses.

If you were a star, be aware that the very success that produced your ____ can now work against you.

Action takes place by choosing which ____ shall be satisfied by the employment of means.

Time is scarce for man only because whichever ends ____ chooses to satisfy, there are others that must remain unsatisfied.

When we must use a means so that some ends remain unsatisfied, the necessity for a choice among ____ arises.

____ example, Jones is engaged in watching a baseball game on television.

He is faced with the choice of spending the next hour in: (a) continuing to watch the baseball ____ (b) playing bridge, or (c) going for a drive.

He ____ like to do all three of these things, but his means (time) is insufficient.

As a result, he must choose ____ one end can be satisfied, but the others must go unfulfilled.

Suppose that ____ decides on course A.

This is a clear indication that he has ranked the satisfaction of end A higher than the ____ of ends B or C.

Environmental stresses cause changes in the ____ makeup of a population by favoring certain gene variants more than others.

This is, in fact, the normal way that populations can adapt rapidly to changes in their environment ____ mutations being required to produce new adaptations.

It is also the reason why populations with genetic diversity are more likely to survive in ____ face of change.

However, ____ is another side of this phenomenon related to human impacts on populations.

Toxins added to the ____ create selection pressure for individuals that are more tolerant of the toxins.

One negative impact of this is that it can reduce the genetic ____ of a population.

Another problem occurs if the organism is a pest and the toxin is contained ____ for example, a pesticide.

As a result of the selection ____ the population seems to develop tolerance to the toxin.

The pesticide then ____ less effective.

People’s ____ depends not on their absolute wealth, but rather on their wealth relative to those around them.

In one experiment, two ____ monkeys were initially perfectly content with a reward of cucumbers when they successfully performed a task.

But when one monkey was later given tastier grapes as a reward, the monkey receiving ____ old cucumbers became enraged, angrily throwing the previously satisfactory salad vegetable at its handler.

The monkeys’ economy had grown, since grapes are better ____ cucumbers.

But the resulting inequality brought only ____

Humans are the same. When employees at the University ____ California were given information about the salaries of their peers,

those discovering they were paid below the average suddenly became less satisfied and ____ likely to seek a new job.

____ attitudes of those earning above the average were happily unaffected.