올림포스 영어독해기본(1) 8강 변형

Knowledge, for science, aims to be proven ____ justified by evidence and reason.

Nothing ____ accepted as true unless it has been proved to be so , or there are good reasons to believe that it will be at some point in the future.

This reflects the philosophical quest for certainty that goes back to Rene Descartes, who refused to accept anything that he could not know ____ certain to be true.

He ____ to base all knowledge on self-evident propositions, and thought that reason should take priority over observation.

____ was aware that his senses frequently misled him.

The implication of this ― a view which had a long history, prior to the rise of science ― was that, if the evidence of our senses ____ not conform to reason, it was likely that they were in error.

Many of the ancient urban ____ obtained their food supply from intensive irrigated agriculture in the region where they were located, and it is usually suggested that this is because labor productivity is particularly high with irrigated agriculture.

It seems more relevant to point out that this type of primitive subsistence system has a ____ high output per unit of land.

____ high demand for labor per unit of land and the high output per unit of land made it necessary and possible for a large number of families to live within a small area.

Therefore, even if the surplus per family is small, the total surplus available within a fairly small distance from the town ____ be large.

In addition, the irrigation canals, or the river used for irrigation, can be used for boat ____ of food to the town.

We have vast forests in this country but not enough to provide all of the wood, all of the wilderness, and all ____ the accessible recreation that we want.

As soon as we log trees, build roads, or improve trails and campsites, we lose some ____

Similarly, we have large amounts of fresh water, but if we use water to grow rice in California, ____ water consumed cannot be used for drinking water in California cities.

If we use fire to ____ a forest renew itself, we will have air pollution downwind while the fire burns.

We have many goals, so we have to make choices about how to allocate our ____ resources.

The cost of those choices is what we give up ― the cost ____ opportunities lost.

Not ____ innovations that improve human living standards show up in revenue and profits.

Some instead accrue ____ to consumers.

Many of the product improvements brought about ____ technology have the paradoxical effect of reducing industry revenue.

To see why, ____ people used to pay ＄1 to download a song.

Then some change comes along so that people can listen to the ____ while paying only a quarter of what they used to pay.

If there is no change in the number ____ people purchasing the song, revenue will fall by 75 percent.

Even if the number of people buying a song doubles with the ____ price, revenue will still fall by 50 percent.

But people, by which we mean society as ____ whole, will be much better off.

The point is that revenue reduction, ____ an accompanying failure to raise GDP, is not by itself evidence that society is worse off.