올림포스 영어독해기본2 10강 변형

It takes on average half a second for the unconscious mind to process incoming sensory stimuli into conscious ____

____ we are not aware of this time delay ― you think you see things move as they move, and when you stub your toe you get the impression of knowing about it right away.

____ illusion of immediacy is created by an ingenious mechanism, which backdates conscious perceptions to the time when the stimulus first entered the brain.

On the face of it, this seems impossible because cortical signals take the same “real” time to process to consciousness, but somehow ____ are tricked into thinking we feel things earlier.

One way it might be explained ____ that consciousness consists of many parallel streams and that the brain jumps from one to another, revising them and redrafting them.

We not only absorb our moral codes and definitions of right and wrong from the group; the group also ____ cues about cooperation and defection and what it means to act in a trustworthy manner.

People are more likely to suppress their self-interest in favor of the group interest if they feel that others are ____ so as well, and they’re less likely to do so if they feel that others are taking advantage of them.

The psychological mechanism for ____ is unclear, but certainly it is related to our innate sense of fairness.

We generally don’t mind sacrificing for the group, as long as ____ all sacrificing equally.

But if we feel like we’re being taken advantage ____ by others who are defecting, we’re more to defect as well.

In their pre-predatory stage, our primate ancestors had moved through the ____ among other creatures that did not fear them.

Once they adopted carnivory, the prey they ____ interested in learned learned to allow close approaches at their own risk.

But unlike big cats or terrifying wolves that were obvious ____ upright primates didn’t automatically fit the predator template for most animals.

Numerous examples from around ____ world during the past five centuries testify that upon initially encountering humans, many wild creatures did not associate us with a threat.

In their first encounters ____ humans, scores of species reacted with trust and tameness.

There is a term of art for this: ____ first contact.

When we appeared in new geographies for the first time, wild animals had to learn to ____ afraid of us.

Many died standing and ____ never absorbing the lesson.

Consider the following two ____ linguistic expressions:

“The election ____ ahead of us” and “the long Winter is now behind us.”

Literally, these expressions do not make ____ sense.

“An election” is not something that can physically be “ahead” of us in any measurable or observable way, and ____ “Winter” is not something that can be physically “behind” us.

Hundreds of thousands of these expressions, whose meaning is not literal but metaphorical, can be observed in human everyday language: “he is a cold person,” “she has strong opinions,” “the market is quite ____

Metaphor, in this sense, is not ____ a figure of speech, or an exceptional communicational tool in the hands of poets and artists.

It is ____ ordinary mechanism of thought.

Usually operating unconsciously and effortlessly, it permeates nearly every aspect of human everyday (and technical) language, making imagination ____