올림포스 영어독해기본2 10강 변형

It takes on average half a second for the unconscious mind to process ____ sensory stimuli into conscious perceptions.

Yet we are not aware ____ this time delay ― you think you see things move as they move, and when you stub your toe you get the impression of knowing about it right away.

This illusion of immediacy ____ created by an ingenious mechanism, which backdates conscious perceptions to the time when the stimulus first entered the brain.

On the face of it, this seems impossible because cortical signals take ____ same “real” time to process to consciousness, but somehow we are tricked into thinking we feel things earlier.

One way it might be explained is that consciousness consists of many parallel streams and that the brain jumps from one to another, revising them and ____ them.

We not only absorb our moral codes and definitions of right and wrong from the group; the group also transmits cues about cooperation and defection and what it ____ to act in a trustworthy manner.

People are more likely to suppress their self-interest in favor of the group interest if they feel that others are doing ____ as well, and they’re less likely to do so if they feel that others are taking advantage of them.

The psychological mechanism for this is unclear, but certainly it is ____ to our innate sense of fairness.

____ generally don’t mind sacrificing for the group, as long as we’re all sacrificing equally.

But if we feel like we’re being taken advantage of ____ others who are defecting, we’re more to defect as well.

In their pre-predatory stage, ____ primate ancestors had moved through the world among other creatures that did not fear them.

Once they adopted carnivory, ____ prey they were interested in learned learned to allow close approaches at their own risk.

But unlike big cats or terrifying wolves that were obvious predators, upright primates didn’t ____ fit the predator template for most animals.

Numerous examples from around the world during the past five centuries testify that ____ initially encountering humans, many wild creatures did not associate us with a threat.

In their first encounters with humans, scores of species reacted with trust and ____

There is a term of art for this: ____ first contact.

When we appeared in new geographies for the first ____ wild animals had to learn to be afraid of us.

Many died standing and looking, never absorbing ____ lesson.

Consider the following ____ everyday linguistic expressions:

“The election is ahead of us” and “the ____ Winter is now behind us.”

Literally, ____ expressions do not make any sense.

“An election” is ____ something that can physically be “ahead” of us in any measurable or observable way, and the “Winter” is not something that can be physically “behind” us.

Hundreds of thousands of these expressions, whose meaning is not ____ but metaphorical, can be observed in human everyday language: “he is a cold person,” “she has strong opinions,” “the market is quite depressed.”

Metaphor, in this ____ is not just a figure of speech, or an exceptional communicational tool in the hands of poets and artists.

It is an ordinary ____ of thought.

Usually operating unconsciously and effortlessly, it permeates nearly every aspect of human everyday (and technical) language, ____ imagination possible.