올림포스 영어독해기본2 10강 변형

It takes on average half a second for the unconscious mind ____ process incoming sensory stimuli into conscious perceptions.

Yet we are not aware of this time delay ― you think you see things move as they move, and when you ____ your toe you get the impression of knowing about it right away.

This illusion of immediacy is created by an ingenious mechanism, which ____ conscious perceptions to the time when the stimulus first entered the brain.

On the face of it, this seems impossible because cortical signals take ____ same “real” time to process to consciousness, but somehow we are tricked into thinking we feel things earlier.

One way it might be explained is that consciousness consists of many parallel streams and that the brain jumps from one to another, revising them and ____ them.

We not ____ absorb our moral codes and definitions of right and wrong from the group; the group also transmits cues about cooperation and defection and what it means to act in a trustworthy manner.

People are more likely to suppress their self-interest in favor of the group interest if they feel that others are doing so as well, and they’re less likely to ____ so if they feel that others are taking advantage of them.

The psychological mechanism for this is unclear, but certainly it is related to ____ innate sense of fairness.

We generally don’t mind sacrificing for ____ group, as long as we’re all sacrificing equally.

But if we feel like ____ being taken advantage of by others who are defecting, we’re more to defect as well.

In their pre-predatory stage, our primate ancestors had moved through the world ____ other creatures that did not fear them.

Once they adopted carnivory, the prey they were interested in learned learned to allow close approaches at their ____ risk.

But unlike big cats or terrifying wolves that were obvious predators, upright primates didn’t automatically fit the predator template for most ____

Numerous examples from around the world during the past five centuries testify that upon ____ encountering humans, many wild creatures did not associate us with a threat.

In their ____ encounters with humans, scores of species reacted with trust and tameness.

There is a term of ____ for this: biological first contact.

When we appeared in new geographies for the first time, wild animals had ____ learn to be afraid of us.

Many ____ standing and looking, never absorbing the lesson.

Consider ____ following two everyday linguistic expressions:

“The election ____ ahead of us” and “the long Winter is now behind us.”

Literally, these expressions do ____ make any sense.

“An election” is not something that can physically be “ahead” of us in any measurable or observable way, and the “Winter” is not something ____ can be physically “behind” us.

Hundreds of thousands of ____ expressions, whose meaning is not literal but metaphorical, can be observed in human everyday language: “he is a cold person,” “she has strong opinions,” “the market is quite depressed.”

Metaphor, in this sense, is not just a figure of speech, or an exceptional communicational tool in ____ hands of poets and artists.

It ____ an ordinary mechanism of thought.

Usually operating unconsciously and effortlessly, it permeates nearly every aspect of human everyday (and technical) language, ____ imagination possible.