올림포스 영어독해기본2 10강 변형

It takes on average half a second for the unconscious mind to process incoming sensory stimuli into conscious ____

Yet we are not aware of this time delay ― you think you see things move as they ____ and when you stub your toe you get the impression of knowing about it right away.

This illusion of immediacy is created by an ingenious mechanism, which backdates conscious perceptions to the time when the ____ first entered the brain.

On the face of it, this seems impossible because cortical signals ____ the same “real” time to process to consciousness, but somehow we are tricked into thinking we feel things earlier.

One way it might be explained is that consciousness consists of many parallel streams and that the brain jumps from ____ to another, revising them and redrafting them.

We not only absorb our moral codes and definitions of right and wrong from the group; the group also ____ cues about cooperation and defection and what it means to act in a trustworthy manner.

People are more likely to suppress their self-interest in favor of the group interest if they feel that others are doing so as well, and they’re ____ likely to do so if they feel that others are taking advantage of them.

The psychological mechanism for this is unclear, but certainly it is related to our ____ sense of fairness.

We generally don’t mind sacrificing for the group, as long as we’re all sacrificing ____

But if we feel like we’re being taken advantage of ____ others who are defecting, we’re more to defect as well.

In their pre-predatory stage, our primate ancestors had moved through the world among other creatures that did not ____ them.

Once they adopted carnivory, the ____ they were interested in learned learned to allow close approaches at their own risk.

But unlike big cats or terrifying wolves that were obvious predators, upright primates didn’t automatically fit the predator template for ____ animals.

Numerous examples from around the world during the past five centuries testify that upon initially ____ humans, many wild creatures did not associate us with a threat.

In their ____ encounters with humans, scores of species reacted with trust and tameness.

There is a term of art for this: biological ____ contact.

When we appeared in new geographies for ____ first time, wild animals had to learn to be afraid of us.

Many died ____ and looking, never absorbing the lesson.

____ the following two everyday linguistic expressions:

“The election is ahead of us” and “the long Winter ____ now behind us.”

Literally, these expressions do not make ____ sense.

“An election” is not something that can physically be “ahead” of us in any measurable or observable way, and the “Winter” is not something that can be physically “behind” ____

Hundreds of thousands of these expressions, whose meaning is not literal ____ metaphorical, can be observed in human everyday language: “he is a cold person,” “she has strong opinions,” “the market is quite depressed.”

Metaphor, in this sense, is not just a figure of speech, or an exceptional communicational tool in ____ hands of poets and artists.

____ is an ordinary mechanism of thought.

Usually operating unconsciously and effortlessly, it permeates nearly every aspect of human everyday (and technical) language, making imagination ____