올림포스 영어독해기본(1) 9강 변형

If you were a high performer in ____ work before becoming a manager, you may find the journey into management particularly difficult.

Because of their previous success, stars are understandably reluctant to give up the attitudes and practices they think produced their ____ thus far, and they’re unwilling to change themselves.

They don’t know how to develop or coach people ____ they never needed much coaching themselves, or so they believe.

They don’t know how to deal with people who lack their motivation. Because they’ve never failed, they’ve had little practice reflecting on and ____ from experience.

No wonder many former ____ turn into mediocre/average bosses.

If you were a star, be aware ____ the very success that produced your promotion can now work against you.

Action takes place by choosing which ends shall be satisfied by the ____ of means.

Time is scarce for man only because whichever ends ____ chooses to satisfy, there are others that must remain unsatisfied.

When we must use a means so that ____ ends remain unsatisfied, the necessity for a choice among ends arises.

For example, Jones is engaged in ____ a baseball game on television.

He is faced with the choice of spending the next hour in: (a) continuing to watch the ____ game, (b) playing bridge, or (c) going for a drive.

He would like to do ____ three of these things, but his means (time) is insufficient.

As a result, ____ must choose ; one end can be satisfied, but the others must go unfulfilled.

Suppose that he decides on ____ A.

This is a clear indication that he has ranked the satisfaction of end A higher than the satisfaction of ____ B or C.

Environmental stresses cause changes in the genetic makeup of a population by favoring certain gene ____ more than others.

This is, in fact, the normal way that populations can adapt rapidly to changes in ____ environment without mutations being required to produce new adaptations.

It is also the reason why ____ with genetic diversity are more likely to survive in the face of change.

However, there is another side of this phenomenon related to human impacts ____ populations.

Toxins ____ to the environment create selection pressure for individuals that are more tolerant of the toxins.

One negative impact of this is that it can reduce the genetic diversity ____ a population.

Another problem occurs ____ the organism is a pest and the toxin is contained in, for example, a pesticide.

As a result of the selection pressure, the population seems to develop tolerance ____ the toxin.

The pesticide ____ becomes less effective.

People’s happiness depends not on their absolute wealth, but rather ____ their wealth relative to those around them.

In one experiment, two capuchin monkeys were initially perfectly ____ with a reward of cucumbers when they successfully performed a task.

But when one monkey was later given tastier grapes as a reward, the monkey ____ plain old cucumbers became enraged, angrily throwing the previously satisfactory salad vegetable at its handler.

The monkeys’ economy had grown, since grapes are ____ than cucumbers.

But the resulting inequality ____ only discontent.

Humans are the same. When employees at the University of California were given information ____ the salaries of their peers,

those discovering they were paid below the average ____ became less satisfied and more likely to seek a new job.

The attitudes of those earning above the average were happily ____